ENVIRONMENT TEST – BEGINNER – Transform IAS Academy

ENVIRONMENT TEST – BEGINNER

1. With reference to “Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)”, consider the following:

1. It describes a relationship between environmental degradation and economic development.

2. The curve initially slopes upward, then downward forming an inverted U-shape.

3. It proves that all pollutants reduce after a country reaches a specific income level.

Which of the above is/are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3

2. The REDD+ mechanism under the UNFCCC framework primarily focuses on: A. Reduction of industrial emissions B. Promoting sustainable agriculture C. Avoiding deforestation and enhancing forest carbon stocks D. Reduction of methane emissions from livestock

3. The “Montreal Protocol” specifically deals with: A. Phasing out greenhouse gases B. Conservation of biodiversity C. Elimination of ozone-depleting substances D. Prevention of marine pollution

4. In-situ bioremediation involves: A. Removing contaminated soil and treating it off-site B. Treating pollutants within the original site using microorganisms C. Using UV radiation to disinfect contaminated water D. Neutralizing pollutants using mechanical filtration

5. Which of the following is/are greenhouse gases under the Kyoto Protocol?

1. Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
2. Methane (CH₄)
3. Sulphur dioxide (SO₂)
4. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
Select the correct answer using the code below:

A. 1, 2 and 4 only B. 1, 2 and 3 only C. 2 and 4 only D. 1, 3 and 4 only

6. The term “Blue Carbon” refers to: A. Carbon emissions from oceanic transport B. Carbon stored in marine and coastal ecosystems C. Emissions from deep sea drilling D. Carbon credits earned by island nations

7. Which of the following international agreements is legally binding in nature? A. Paris Agreement B. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) C. Kyoto Protocol D. Rio Declaration

8. Consider the following statements about “Bioaccumulation”:

1. It refers to accumulation of toxic substances in living organisms.
2. The process intensifies as one moves up the food chain.
Which of the above is/are correct?

A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2

9. Which of the following pollutants is most commonly associated with smog formation in urban areas? A. Nitrogen dioxide B. Lead C. Ammonia D. Mercury

10. The “Ecological Footprint” is best defined as: A. The area of forest required to neutralize CO₂ emissions B. The cumulative impact of biodiversity loss C. The amount of land and water area required to sustain consumption and absorb waste D. The measure of greenhouse gas emissions per capita

11. The “Planetary Boundaries” framework identifies thresholds for Earth system processes. Which of the following is NOT one of the original nine boundaries? A. Climate Change B. Ocean Acidification C. Ozone Depletion D. Desertification

12. Which of the following correctly explains the term “Eutrophication”? A. Increase in oxygen content in rivers B. Toxic algae growth due to heavy metal pollution C. Nutrient enrichment of water bodies causing algal blooms and oxygen depletion D. Accumulation of plastics in deep sea ecosystems

13. The “Sixth Mass Extinction” currently underway is primarily attributed to: A. Volcanic activity B. Human-induced changes in ecosystems C. Cosmic radiation bursts D. Ice Age cycles

14. Which of the following best describes a “Biodiversity Hotspot”? A. An area with high species richness and low endemism B. A protected area designated by UNESCO C. A region with exceptional biodiversity and under significant threat D. An area where desertification is rapidly occurring

15. Which of the following is a consequence of “Ocean Acidification”? A. Melting of polar ice caps B. Coral bleaching and reduced calcification in marine organisms C. Increased salinity of ocean water D. Decrease in ocean temperature

16. The Global Tiger Forum is an inter-governmental body focused on tiger conservation. It is headquartered in: A. Geneva B. Bangkok C. New Delhi D. Jakarta

17. Which of the following statements about the Ramsar Convention is NOT correct? A. It promotes wise use of wetlands B. It is legally binding on signatory countries C. It was signed in 1971 D. It recognizes wetlands of international importance

18. Which of the following correctly ranks ecosystems by carbon storage capacity (from highest to lowest)? A. Tropical Rainforest > Temperate Forest > Mangroves B. Mangroves > Tropical Rainforest > Grasslands C. Coral Reefs > Mangroves > Temperate Forest D. Desert > Tropical Forest > Mangroves

19. The “National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC)” in India is implemented by: A. Ministry of Power B. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change C. Ministry of Science and Technology D. Ministry of Finance

20. Consider the following statements regarding the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD):

1. It is the only legally binding framework to address desertification and land degradation.
2. India hosted the COP 14 of UNCCD.
Which of the above is/are correct?

A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2

21. The term "Tragedy of the Commons" is best illustrated by: A. Overexploitation of privately owned forests B. Government control of renewable resources C. Depletion of shared natural resources due to individual self-interest D. Collapse of rare species in protected sanctuaries

22. Which of the following regions has been classified as “Most Vulnerable” to climate change by the IPCC? A. Northern Europe B. Sub-Saharan Africa C. North America D. East Asia

23. The concept of “Carbon Leakage” refers to: A. Natural loss of carbon from forests to the atmosphere B. Emissions from defective carbon capture systems C. Shift of industries to countries with lax emission norms D. Leakage of carbon monoxide from vehicles

24. Which Indian Act mandates that no forest land can be diverted for non-forest use without prior approval of the Central Government? A. Forest Rights Act, 2006 B. Environment Protection Act, 1986 C. Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 D. Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

25. Which of the following statements about microplastics is NOT correct? A. They are plastic fragments less than 5 mm in length B. They can be ingested by marine organisms C. They are biodegradable over short timescales D. They are found in both marine and terrestrial ecosystems

26. The “Air Quality Index” (AQI) in India does NOT monitor which of the following pollutants? A. Sulphur Dioxide (SO₂) B. Carbon Monoxide (CO) C. Ammonia (NH₃) D. Lead (Pb)

27. Which of the following statements regarding coral reefs is correct? A. Coral reefs thrive best in nutrient-rich waters B. Coral bleaching is due to over-fertilization of water C. Corals are sensitive to changes in temperature and acidity D. Coral polyps are a type of seaweed

28. The “National Green Tribunal” (NGT) has jurisdiction over which of the following Acts?

1. Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
2. Forest Rights Act, 2006
3. Environment Protection Act, 1986
4. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
Select the correct code:

A. 1, 2 and 3 only B. 1, 3 and 4 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1 and 4 only

29. “Green Credit Programme” in India is aimed at: A. Promoting environmental entrepreneurship B. Rewarding individuals and entities for eco-friendly actions C. Funding for clean energy startups D. Encouraging green certification for industries

30. Which one of the following species is considered an indicator of aquatic ecosystem health? A. House Sparrow B. Indian Cobra C. Lichens D. Amphibians (like Frogs and Salamanders)

31. In which of the following ecosystems is “Net Primary Productivity” the highest? A. Tundra B. Desert C. Tropical Rainforest D. Temperate Grassland

32. The “Ecological Footprint” measures: A. The area required to build settlements in urban regions B. The amount of renewable resources used in industrial processes C. Human demand on the Earth's ecosystems relative to Earth's capacity D. The impact of genetic modification on native species

33. The Basel Convention deals with the control of: A. Transboundary movement of hazardous wastes B. Illegal wildlife trade C. Forest degradation D. Mining in protected areas

34. Which of the following projects in India is focused on riverine ecosystem restoration? A. Project Elephant B. Namami Gange C. Project Tiger D. Green India Mission

35. “Bioremediation” is best described as: A. Replacing natural systems with synthetic alternatives B. Using living organisms to clean up contaminated environments C. Burning of toxic materials at high temperatures D. Neutralizing acidic water with chemicals

36. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is: A. A UN body focused on desertification B. A scientific panel that assesses climate change research C. An international NGO promoting renewable energy D. An organization regulating emissions from ships

37. Which of the following is an invasive species in Indian ecosystems? A. Ficus religiosa B. Eichhornia crassipes C. Azadirachta indica D. Mangifera indica

38. “Cap and Trade” is a market-based approach to control pollution by: A. Allowing unlimited emissions for a fixed time B. Taxing polluting industries directly C. Setting limits on emissions and allowing trading of permits D. Banning high-emission industries entirely

39. Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas? A. Carbon Dioxide B. Methane C. Nitrous Oxide D. Ozone in the stratosphere

40. The concept of “Carrying Capacity” in an ecosystem refers to: A. Number of tourists a protected area can host B. Number of animals that can be hunted legally C. Maximum population size the environment can sustain indefinitely D. Water-holding capacity of a forest

41. The “Aichi Biodiversity Targets” were adopted under which international agreement? A. Ramsar Convention B. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) C. Kyoto Protocol D. Cartagena Protocol

42. In the Indian context, the term “Eco-Sensitive Zone” refers to: A. Areas declared under Wildlife Protection Act for tiger corridors B. Zones surrounding Protected Areas to minimize human impact C. Areas notified by State Governments for afforestation D. Regions identified for industrial development under green clearance

43. Which of the following is NOT a component of the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)? A. National Mission for a Green India B. National Mission on Waste to Energy C. National Solar Mission D. National Water Mission

44. The process of “Ecological Succession” refers to: A. Rapid deforestation followed by desertification B. The gradual replacement of one community by another C. Reforestation in agricultural lands D. Migration of species due to climate change

45. The REDD+ mechanism promoted by UNFCCC focuses on: A. Energy efficiency in urban areas B. Technology transfer to developing nations C. Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation D. Enhancing oceanic carbon sinks

46. Which species is listed as “Critically Endangered” under the IUCN Red List? A. Indian Pangolin B. Snow Leopard C. Great Indian Bustard D. Asiatic Lion

47. The Montreal Protocol was designed to protect the environment from: A. Biodiversity loss B. Marine pollution C. Ozone layer depletion D. Acid rain

48. The phenomenon of “Ocean Acidification” is caused primarily due to: A. Oil spills in oceans B. Plastic accumulation C. Increased CO₂ absorption by seawater D. Dumping of industrial waste

49. Which of the following best defines “Keystone Species”? A. Species found in all ecosystems B. Species whose presence is irrelevant to ecosystem balance C. Species that play a critical role in maintaining ecosystem structure D. Endemic species with no predators

50. Which river basin has been declared as “Critically Polluted” by CPCB in India? A. Brahmaputra B. Godavari C. Ganga D. Sutlej

ENVIRONMENT TEST – BEGINNER

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