1. It is located in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
2. Keoladeo National Park was declared the first Ramsar Site in India along with Vembanad Lake.
3. The Gambhir and Banganga rivers flow through the park, supporting its ecosystem.
Which of the above statements are correct?

1. It enables the development of genetically modified crops with higher yields.
2. It includes techniques such as CRISPR-based genome editing.
3. It has led to the development of drought-resistant and pest-resistant crops.
4. It is exclusively used for increasing the shelf life of fruits and vegetables.
Which of the above statements are correct?

1. It includes salaries, pensions, and subsidies.
2. It does not contribute to the creation of productive assets.
3. It has been declining as a percentage of GDP in India.
4. It includes capital investments in new projects.
Which of the above statements are correct?

1. It focuses solely on producing pharmaceutical products.
2. It has no role in environmental sustainability.
3. It does not involve biofuel production.
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

1. They form a small fraction of total government expenditure in India.
2. Their share has been increasing due to rising fiscal deficits.
3. High Interest payments reduce the amount of funds available for development spending.
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

1. Swap auctions completely eliminate the need for other monetary policy tools like repo rate changes.
2. They help inject rupee liquidity into the banking system when there is a shortfall.
3. Swap auctions can only be conducted for short-term liquidity management.
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

Type of Expenditure                       Key Characteristic

A. Capital Expenditure                  1. Day-to-day operational costs
B. Revenue Expenditure               2. Investment in infrastructure
C. Development Expenditure      3. Costs incurred due to borrowings      D. Interest Payments                    4. Spending on health and education

Select the correct match:

1. Lokpal has the power to order prosecution directly without reference to any other authority.
2. Lokpal can attach and confiscate assets acquired through corrupt practices.
3. The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) functions under the direct supervision of Lokpal.
4. Lokpal has the power to recommend disciplinary action against public officials.
Which of the above statements are correct?

1. RBI always purchases dollars in these auctions to boost forex reserves.
2. These swaps permanently alter the money supply in the economy.
3. Swap auctions are conducted at a fixed exchange rate set by the RBI.
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

1. A DDoS attack is characterized by overwhelming a server with traffic from multiple sources, making it difficult for legitimate users to access the service.
2. DDoS attacks are typically easier to counter than traditional Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks because they originate from a single source.
3. DDoS attacks can result in slow loading times or complete inaccessibility of online services.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. DSTs are a form of corporate income tax levied on the global profits of large digital companies.
2. The tax liability under a DST is determined by the location of the company’s headquarters.
3. India has aligned its policy with the OECD global tax framework by deciding to withdraw its Equalisation Levy.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Consider the following statements:
1. The formation of the NDA is a discretionary policy measure taken by India to boost its renewable energy sector.
2. The NDA is chaired by the Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
3. One of its key functions is to evaluate and authorize projects that can generate emission reduction units for international trading.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. The dispute primarily involves overlapping claims to the Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ) between China and Japan.
2. Japan adheres to the ‘continental shelf’ principle to define its maritime boundary.
3. China advocates for the ‘median line’ principle in the delimitation of the sea.
4. The Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands, administered by China, are claimed by Japan and Taiwan.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. Brown dwarfs are Considered “failed stars” because they cannot sustain the fusion of
hydrogen into helium in their cores.
2. Red dwarfs are the most common type of star in the Milky Way and have extremely
long lifespans.
3. Both brown dwarfs and red dwarfs are similar in size to the planet Jupiter.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. The East China Sea is a marginal sea of the Indian Ocean.
2. It is connected to the South China Sea through the Korea Strait.
3. The sea is generally deep, with an average depth exceeding 2000 meters.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. Prosecuting individuals responsible for war crimes leading to displacement.
2. Ensuring the principle of non-refoulement is respected by states.
3. Providing long-term development loans to countries hosting large refugee populations.
Leading global efforts to eliminate statelessness.
Select the correct answer code:

1. It is a conformal projection, which means it accurately preserves the relative sizes of
landmasses at the expense of distorting their shapes.
2. A straight line drawn on a Mercator map represents a rhumb line, a path of constant compass bearing, which was invaluable for maritime navigation.
3. The spacing between parallels of latitude decreases as one moves from the Equator towards the poles, leading to the compression of polar regions.
How many of the above statements are incorrect?

1. Statement I: Tropical cyclones like Typhoon Kajiki derive their energy primarily from the latent heat released during the condensation of moist air.
2. Statement II: Unlike tropical cyclones, extra-tropical or synoptic cyclones are powered by the temperature contrast between different air masses along weather fronts.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. He earned the title ‘Sardar’ from the women of Bardoli during the Kheda Satyagraha.
2. He presided over the Karachi Session of the Indian National Congress in 1931, which endorsed the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
3. He was the chief architect behind the creation of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) from the erstwhile Indian Civil Service (ICS).
4. His birthday is celebrated as National Unity Day (Rashtriya Ekta Diwas).
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. It shares land borders with Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Iran.
2. The country has a coastline on both the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman.
3. The Rubʿ al-Khali, or the Empty Quarter,is a vast desert region that covers part of Oman’s interior.
4. The Dhofar region in southern Oman experiences a unique monsoon climate, known as the Khareef.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. Statement I: The nomenclature of a revolving tropical storm as a ‘Hurricane’, ‘Typhoon’, or ‘Cyclone’ depends on its intensity and wind speed.
2. Statement II: Tropical storms are named based on a pre-decided list maintained by
the World Meteorological Organization’s regional bodies to facilitate clear communication and public warnings.
Statement III: The eye of a mature tropical cyclone is a region of calm weather with light winds and often clear skies.
Which of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. These are the first major Indian warships to be built using an integrated construction methodology.
2. The propulsion system used is Combined Diesel or Gas (CODOG), which allows for
selection between diesel engines for cruising and gas turbines for high-speed transit.
3. The primary long-range air defence for these ships is provided by the indigenously developed Akash missile system.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. Statement I: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is often called the ‘Iron Man of India’ for his determined and uncompromising approach to national integration.
2. Statement II: He successfully persuaded and, where necessary, compelled the rulers of over 500 princely states to accede to the newly independent Indian Union.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. The guidelines introduce a mandatory ‘Donor Rights Charter’ to protect the welfare of donor animals.
2. One of the key features is the integration of the ‘One Health’ approach to mitigate risks of zoonotic diseases.
3. The framework mandates the establishment of at least one state-regulated veterinary
blood bank in every district of India by 2025.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. Column A                    Column B                     Column C
2. (Exercise)                    (Core Hosts)                (Geographic Focus)
   1. Super                        A. Indonesia                X. Indo-
   Garuda Shield              and  USA                    Pacific Region
   2. Malabar                   B.India and                 Y. South                                                                 France                          China sea
3. Varuna                         C.Quad Nations           Z.Arabian Sea

How many of the above combinations are correctly matched?

1. Statement I: India’s fossil heritage is vulnerable partly because trade in such items is not regulated under any domestic law.
2. Statement II: Fossils are not covered under the definition of “antiquity” in the Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972.
3. Statement III: The lack of a national repository system leads to the degradation or illegal export of significant fossil discoveries.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. The mission only focuses on establishing new ‘greenfield’ semiconductor fabrication plants to attract foreign investment.
2. A key strategic goal of the mission is to develop a skilled workforce by training a substantial number of professionals in the semiconductor domain.
3. The establishment of India’s first commercial Silicon Carbide (SiC) compound semiconductor fab is one of the projects approved under this mission.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. Statement I: The NMBA is primarily a supply-reduction campaign, coordinated by the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) to intercept drug trafficking networks.
2. Statement II: The Abhiyaan adopts a targeted approach by focusing its interventions on districts identified as having a high prevalence of substance abuse.
3. Statement III: The implementation of the program relies solely on government agencies, without the involvement of community organizations or NGOs.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. It is a Neglected Tropical Disease that is preventable through timely post-exposure prophylaxis.
2. The primary mode of transmission to humans is through the bite of infected bats.
3. The disease has a very short incubation period,with symptoms always appearing within one week of exposure.
4. Once clinical symptoms manifest, the disease has a high survival rate with intensive medical care.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. It is a competition specifically for university-level students pursuing degrees in astrophysics.
2. The event is being organized solely by an international body with no collaboration from Indian institutions.
3. The Olympiad’s scope is limited to theoretical examinations and does not include practical or observational tasks.
How many of the above statements are incorrect?

1. Statement I: The primary objective of Open-Book Assessments (OBE) is to reduce the
academic burden on students by allowing them to copy answers directly from textbooks.
2. Statement II: OBE is aligned with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020’s vision for competency-based learning.
3. Statement III: The format tests a student’s ability to quickly locate information rather than their conceptual understanding.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. Statement-I: The establishment of the Union Public Service Commission in 1950 marked the beginning of merit-based recruitment for civil services in India.
2. Statement-II: The Macaulay Reforms introduced the system of open competitive examinations for entry into the Indian Civil Service.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. It aims to reduce India’s heavy reliance on imported semiconductor chips.
2. The mission includes support for the design ecosystem, targeting startups and MSMEs.
3. Financial incentives under the ISM are available only to domestic companies.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. It restores the deduction for inter-corporate dividends.
2. It removes the notional rent on vacant property.
3. It introduces an Alternate Minimum Tax on Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs).
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. Suppression of traditional African governance structures.
2. Introduction of French language and culture in the colonies.
3. Development of industrial hubs in African territories.
4. Extensive resource extraction and forced labor practices.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. They are a type of tropical cyclone that forms in equatorial waters.
2. They weaken rapidly once they reach the ocean surface due to cooling temperatures.
3. They are named based on wind speeds rather than changes in atmospheric pressure.
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

1. Lake Victoria is the second-largest freshwater lake by volume in the world.
2. The Kagera River is the longest tributary that drains into Lake Victoria.
3. Lake Victoria’s outflow contributes to the formation of the Congo River.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. The Satavahana dynasty is credited with adding the toranas (gateways) around the Great Stupa.
2. The Satavahana kings constructed new stupas at Sanchi as a sign of their devotion to Buddhism.
3. The carvings on the Satavahana-built toranas feature scenes of royal conquests and battles.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. AM provides better sound quality than Frequency Modulation (FM).
2. AM changes the frequency of the carrier wave to encode signals.
3. AM is widely used for Wi-Fi and digital transmissions.
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

1. Food irradiation prevents spoilage by slowing down decay and delaying premature ripening.
2. Irradiation processing usually requires multiple treatments to achieve food safety.
3. It reduces the need for chemical preservatives,contributing to a more sustainable food supply chain.
4. The Codex Alimentarius Commission played a key role in setting global standards for food irradiation.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. The index is published by the World Economic Forum.
2. Bengaluru is the only Indian city to be ranked in the top 30.
3. The index evaluates cities on their capacity, investment, and innovation in AI.
Which of the above statements are correct?

1. The festival was hosted in Colombo, SriLanka.
2. The theme of the festival was “SaptaSur:Seven Nations, One Melody”.
3. The festival was organized by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
4. The festival is a follow-up to a commitment made at the BIMSTEC Summit in Thailand.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. It is listed as ‘Endangered’ in the IUCN Red List.
2. It is one of the few tortoise species that builds an above-ground nest.
3. In India, it is protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. Statement I: The first-ever India-Philippines joint naval drill in the South China Sea is
a direct implementation of the ‘Necklace of Diamonds’ strategy.
2. Statement II: The ‘Necklace of Diamonds’ strategy involves India building a network
of alliances and naval bases in the Indo-Pacific to counter China’s strategic influence.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. All seven BIMSTEC member countries participated in the festival.
2. The festival was held to commemorate the 25th anniversary of BIMSTEC’s foundation.
3. The event was a ticketed concert to raise funds for future cultural initiatives.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. Statement I: The reintroduction program is a joint initiative of the Nagaland Forest Department
and the India Turtle Conservation Programme (ITCP).
2. Statement II: The tortoises were reintroduced into a designated Community Reserve,
highlighting the role of community-led conservation efforts.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. It is a marginal sea of the Indian Ocean.
2. The Mekong River is one of the major rivers that drains into it.
3. It is bordered by China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Brunei.
4. The Strait of Hormuz connects it to the Indian Ocean.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. The TLP is being developed primarily to support the operational continuity of the PSLV program.
2. One of the key objectives of the TLP is to provide strategic redundancy for launching heavy-lift and human spaceflight missions.
3. The development of the TLP involves the participation of private sector players and MSMEs.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. It is a monthly measure of changes in the domestic retail prices of a basket of food commodities.
2. The index tracks five commodity groups: cereals, vegetable oils, dairy, meat, and sugar.
3. The weights used in the composite index are based on average export shares from the period 2014–2016.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. It is a saltwater lake located entirely within Syrian territory.
2. The recent red coloration of the lake has been attributed to industrial chemical spills.
3. The lake is primarily fed by the Yarmouk River.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. It is a scholarship program for students pursuing postgraduate studies in biomedical research.
2. The initiative is a collaboration between the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and the Ministry of Education.
3. The program aims to inspire school students to pursue careers in health and biomedical
research through outreach activities.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Statement-I: The SASCI scheme is an example of cooperative federalism in action.
Statement-II: Under the scheme, the central government provides financial assistance, while the
state governments are empowered to propose ,manage, and execute the tourism development projects.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of
the above statements?

1. Article 63 mandates the office of the Vice President.
2. Article 64 states that the Vice President is the ex-officio Chairman of the Lok Sabha.
3. Article 65 allows the Vice President to act as President during a casual vacancy.
4. Article 68 prescribes that the Vice President shall continue in office until a successor assumes
charge, even after the expiration of the five-year term.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. Statement-I: The imposition of President’s Rule in a state can be extended beyond one year only if a National Emergency is in operation.
2. Statement-II: The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 introduced safeguards to prevent the misuse of Article 356 for political purposes.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. Statement-I: The synchronized bi-annual survey of the Nilgiri Tahr is conducted exclusively by the Tamil Nadu Forest Department.
2. Statement-II: The habitat of the Nilgiri Tahr is confined to the montane grasslands of the Anamalai Tiger Reserve and Mukurthi NationalPark.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. An increase in global atmospheric temperatures allows the atmosphere to hold more water vapour, potentially increasing the intensity of rainfall events.
2. Lightning activity within cumulonimbus clouds can inhibit the process of droplet coalescence, leading to a delay in rainfall and allowing more moisture to accumulate.
3. The presence of aerosols like black carbon in the Himalayas reduces cloud density, thereby decreasing the likelihood of cloudbursts.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. It is a statutory body established through an Act of Parliament to promote cooperative federalism.
2. The Governing Council of NITI Aayog comprises the Prime Minister of India, Chief Ministers of all the States and Union Territories with Legislatures, and Lieutenant Governors of other Union Territories.
3. Its policy frameworks are binding on both the Central and State governments to ensure rapid economic transformation.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. A famine is declared by the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) when
the mortality rate exceeds 2 deaths per 1,000 people per day.
2. The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) is an independent body managed exclusively by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
3. A famine declaration legally obligates member states of the United Nations to provide humanitarian aid.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. Statement I: The Monetary Policy Committee is statutorily empowered to determine
the policy interest rate required to achieve the inflation target.
2. Statement II: The decisions of the MPC are binding on the Reserve Bank of India, ensuring
institutional accountability in monetary policy formulation.
3. Statement III: All members of the MPC, including the three external members, hold office for a term of four years and are eligiblefor re-appointment.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Geographical Feature                   Location in Algeria
1. Tell Atlas                                  : Southern desert region
2. Mount Tahat                           : Ahaggar Mountains
3. M’zab Valley                            : Along the Mediterranean Coast

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

1. The Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006, mandates the settlement of individual and community forest rights before any forest land is diverted for non-forest purposes.
2. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Protection of Aboriginal Tribes) Regulation, 1956,prohibits the acquisition of land in tribal areas by outsiders.
Which of the above statements are correct?

1. Statement-I: The recent expansion has made the Sundarbans Tiger Reserve the second-largest tiger reserve in India.
2. Statement-II: The expansion was approved by the National Board for Wildlife to increase
the core habitat available for the unique mangrove-adapted tiger population.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. The project is being implemented by NITI Aayog and primarily aims to enhance India’s maritime trade and security in the Indian Ocean Region.
2. It involves the diversion of forest land that is part of a UNESCO designated Biosphere Reserve.
3. The Galathea Bay, the site for the proposed transshipment port, is also a significant nesting ground for the Leatherback sea turtle.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. It is a landlocked country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa.
2. The country’s climate is uniformly arid desert type due to the dominance of the Sahara.
3. It shares land borders with Morocco, Mauritania, and Niger.

How many of the above statements are correct?

1. The primary objective of the programme is to provide long-term scholarships for higher education in Japan.
2. The programme is exclusively for students from Asian countries.
3. The programme aims to promote scientific curiosity and cultural understanding among young learners.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. It can be used for real-time detection of heavy metals in drinking water.
2. It can monitor pollution in rivers, lakes, and industrial effluents.
3. It serves as an early warning system for communities exposed to contaminated water.
4. It can be integrated with portable electronic devices for on-site analysis.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. He founded the Satyashodhak Samaj to promote social justice and oppose Brahmanical dominance.
2. His literary work, ‘Gulamgiri’, drew a parallel between the caste system in India and racial slavery in America.
3. He opened a school for girls in India and was assisted by his wife, Savitribai Phule, who
became the country’s first female teacher.
How many of the above statements are incorrect?

1. The mission is designed to operate in a mission mode to accelerate offshore exploration for oil and gas.
2. It is primarily focused on exploring the untapped hydrocarbon reserves in the Andaman-
Nicobar basin and the deep waters off the Andhra coast.
3. The Directorate General of Hydrocarbons (DGH) is the nodal agency for the implementation of this mission.
4. The mission is linked with the Open Acreage Licensing Policy (OALP) and aims to
encourage public-private collaboration in the exploration sector.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. The revamp aims to introduce a single GST rate of 18% for all goods and services to simplify the tax structure.
2. The proposed structure includes a special 40% rate for essential food items to generate higher revenue.
3. The GST Council has already approved the proposed changes, which are set to be implemented
from the next financial year.
How many of the above statements are incorrect?

1. It aims to reduce India’s dependence on crude oil and natural gas imports.
2. The mission will utilize advanced technologies like seismic surveys and AI-enabled exploration tools.
3. It is a collaborative effort between the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas and the Ministry of Earth Sciences.
4. The mission is part of the broader ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ initiative in the energy sector.
Select the correct answer code:

1. It is located in the state of Karnataka and shares boundaries with the forests of Tamil Nadu.
2. The sanctuary is characterized by a semi-arid climate and receives rainfall from both the southwest and northeast monsoons.
3. It is home to several endangered species, including the grizzled giant squirrel and the smooth-coated otter.
4. The sanctuary’s landscape is dominated by evergreen sholas, with very few deciduous forests.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. The CEC can be removed from office on the grounds of ‘proved misbehaviour or incapacity’, which are explicitly defined in the Constitution of India.
2. The procedure for the removal of the CEC is identical to the procedure for the removal of a judge of the Supreme Court.
3. An Election Commissioner (EC) can be removed from office by the President without the recommendation of the CEC.
How many of the above statements are incorrect?

1. Statement I: The legislative power of Union Territory Assemblies is derived from statutes enacted by the Parliament of India.
2. Statement II: The President of India or the Lieutenant Governor, in certain UTs, can nominate members to the legislative assembly without the aid and advice of the elected Council of Ministers.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. The ‘Bharat Antariksh Station’ is planned to be a collaborative project with an advanced space agency for technology sharing.
2. The Gaganyaan Mission will be India’s first mission to place an astronaut on the lunar surface.
3. The Vyommitra Mission involves sending a humanoid robot into space to test life support and control systems before the crewed mission.
How many of the above statements are incorrect?

1. The system is designed to be installed on the roofs of railway coaches to generate power during transit.
2. The primary objective of this initiative is to utilize vacant land parcels owned by the railways for large-scale solar farms.
3. The panels are designed to be removable to facilitate track maintenance and to handle emergencies without disrupting the power generation system.
How many of the above statements are incorrect?

1. Statement I: The long-term vision of India’s crewed lunar mission is aligned with the national goal of ‘Viksit Bharat by 2047’.
2. Statement II: The mission mentioned in Statement I emphasizes indigenous development of launch vehicles and life support
systems to strengthen India’s position in the global space economy.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. The UNHCR was established by a binding resolution of the UN Security Council.
2. Its mandate is strictly limited to protecting refugees who have crossed international borders and does not extend to internally displaced people.
3. The organization is funded entirely through mandatory contributions from UN member states.
How many of the above statements are incorrect?

1. It is located at the confluence of the Aravalli and the Deccan Plateau.
2. The park was one of the original reserves declared under Project Tiger in 1973.
3. The entire area of the national park is designated as a core tiger habitat, with no buffer zones.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. The provision for nominating Anglo-Indian members to Parliament and State Legislatures was discontinued in 2020.
2. In State Legislative Councils, the Governor nominates members based on the direct recommendation of the President of India.
3. The legislative assembly of every Union Territory in India has a provision for nominated members.
How many of the above statements are incorrect?