1.  It simplifies the taxation system for manufacturers and service providers.
2.  It increases the overall cost of goods and services due to additional compliance.
3.  It encourages reinvestment in production and innovation by reducing tax burdens.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Statement-I: HLVM-3’s Crew Escape System improves the survival probability of astronauts during a launch anomaly.
Statement-II: The Crew Escape System activates only after the spacecraft reaches Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. Reporting of notifiable diseases in India is
voluntary for healthcare providers.
2. Only communicable diseases like AIDS can be
notifiable; non-communicable diseases are exempt.
3. Notifiable disease status automatically suspends
a patient’s right to privacy.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. Super volcanoes erupt more frequently than
regular volcanoes.
2. Regular volcanoes usually have steep, conical
shapes.
3. Super volcano eruptions have global impacts,
while regular volcano eruptions are generally localized.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

1. Credit cooperative societies are primarily involved in offering financial assistance to members at low-interest rates.
2. Producers’ cooperative societies provide small producers with resources like raw materials and tools.
3. Housing cooperative societies focus solely on rural housing projects.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Statement-I: Notifying a disease under law in India empowers the government to monitor and control its spread more effectively.
Statement-II: Declaration of notifiable diseases automatically involves WHO intervention in India’s domestic public health affairs.
Which one of the following is correct?

1. Pagers actively send encrypted signals back to communication towers.
2. Pagers work primarily by receiving signals broadcast over radio frequencies.
3. The user of a pager can respond to a message directly through the pager itself.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. PARAM Siddhi AI is developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
2. AIRAWAT is an AI-specific supercomputer developed under India’s National AI Mission.
3. Pratyush and Mihir are primarily used for weather and climate forecasting.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. It is a step toward low-carbon energy storage alternatives.
2. It aims to replace nuclear batteries in space missions.
3. It features an anti-freezing electrolyte formulation.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

Solar paraboloids can generate electricity without using a heat engine.
1. Upfront capital costs remain a major barrier to
wide-scale deployment.
2. The operating temperatures achieved by paraboloid systems are typically below 100°C.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. EEG is the first-choice imaging tool for detecting brain tumors.
2. EEG can be used for determining brain death.
3. EEG electrodes must be surgically implanted into the brain.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. It promotes development of biopolymers and enzymes as alternatives to traditional petrochemical products.
2. It aims to reduce carbon footprint through the promotion of carbon capture and storage technologies.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. Ajanta Caves
2. Mahabodhi Temple Complex
3. Pattadakal Group of Monuments
4. Nalanda Mahavihara
Select the correct answer code:

1. DPS Wetland is part of the Central Asian Flyway network.
2. Flamingo populations use it as a feeding and resting site.
3. The wetland is an artificial inland water body created through human excavation.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. Flamingos in India are mostly found in the Western Ghats’ evergreen forests.
2. Greater Flamingos are native to India and are the largest flamingo species.
3. Flamingos construct floating nests using aquatic vegetation.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. The Lanjia Saora are classified as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG).
2. The community practices shifting cultivation.
3. The mango harvest dance is performed as a seasonal thanksgiving ritual to ancestral spirits for fruit yield.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. It was authored by Bharata and outlines principles of Rasa theory and stagecraft.
2. It is primarily a medieval text codifying temple rituals and inscriptions.
3. It includes elaborate discussions on dramaturgy, architecture, and musical scales.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

Statement-I: Majuli’s candidature under the UNESCO mixed heritage category strengthens India’s presence in transdisciplinary heritage sites.
Statement-II: The island demonstrates integration of ecological restoration and post-industrial land use.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. The Western Ghats are inscribed as a World Heritage Site for their unique biodiversity and cultural traditions.
2. Rani-ki-Vav was inscribed as a World Heritage Site under both cultural and natural criteria.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Statement-I: JWST’s location at the second Lagrange point enhances its ability to detect faint cosmic infrared signals.
Statement-II: L2 provides a cold, stable orbit far from Earth and the Moon, reducing background heat and light interference.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. The Shyok River flows entirely within the boundaries of India.
2. It originates from the Pangong Tso Lake.
3. It merges with the Ganga River in the plains of Punjab.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. The Finance Commission recommends the borrowing limits for the Central and State governments.
2. It evaluates the functioning of the Reserve Bank of India in terms of monetary policy performance.
3. It makes recommendations for augmenting state finances for rural and urban local bodies.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. The International Organisation for Migration (IOM) serves as the Secretariat for the Colombo Process.
2. The Process includes both labour-sending and labour-receiving countries from Asia.
3. It promotes bilateral labour agreements and best practices through thematic working groups.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. They are notified under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980.
2. They serve as transition zones between areas of higher and lower ecological protection.
3. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 empowers the central government to declare such zones.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. The ICC can try individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes.
2. It has authority to prosecute states that violate human rights treaties.
3. It can prosecute crimes committed by nationals of member states even outside their territory.
How many of the above statements are correct?

Statement-I: ASEAN has played a limited role in resolving the Myanmar political crisis.
Statement-II: ASEAN’s consensus-based approach and non-interference policy restrict its capacity to enforce political solutions.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of
the above statements?

Statement-I: Vietnam and the Philippines are some of the most typhoon-prone countries in the world.
Statement-II: Their location in the Western Pacific Typhoon Basin exposes them to frequent lowpressure systems originating from the Atlantic Ocean.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of
the above statements?

Arctic Region                         Indian Monsoon Impact Zone
A. Central Arctic Ice Loss           1. Weak teleconnection with Indian                                                                      monsoon
B. Barents-Kara Sea melt           2. Increased rainfall in                                                                                             central/northern India
C. Greenland Ice melt                 3. Decreased rainfall in
                                                              central and northwest India

Select the correct code:

1. It is a demand-driven employment scheme.
2. Work under NREGA must be provided within 30 days of registration.
3. The Act applies across all rural districts of India.
4. Gram Panchayats play a central role in planning and implementation.
Select the correct answer code:

1. It works under the Ministry of Finance and is exempted from CRR and SLR norms.
2. It can issue both tax-free and taxable bonds for infrastructure financing.
3. It is a key component of the National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP).
4. It undertakes direct construction of public infrastructure like highways and dams.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Slogan/Component       Department                        Intended Outcome
A. Har Khet Ko Pani     1. Ministry of Jal Shakti    i. Expansion of
                                                                                          irrigation coverage
B. Per Drop More Crop 2. Dept. of Agriculture &  ii. Improved water 
                                            Farmers Welfare                productivity              C. Watershed Component  3. Ministry of      iii. Soil-moisture retention
                                                 Rural Development    indrylands

How many of the above are correctly matched?

Statement I: The RBI offers WMA to states to ensure uninterrupted delivery of public services despite temporary cash flow gaps.
Statement II: States are constitutionally barred from borrowing without Central Government approval under Article 293, if they are indebted to the Centre.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Finance Commission                                     Focus Area
A. 13th Finance Commission     1. Greater devolution of                                                                                           Union taxes to States
B. 14th Finance Commission       2. Revenue deficit grants
                                                           and performance-based incentives
C. 15th Finance Commission        3. GST Compensation and Disaster                                                                   Relief Fund

Select the correct code:

1. LiDAR can detect groundwater flow using subsurface light reflection.
2. LiDAR systems only operate during daylight due to solar power dependency.
3. LiDAR works on radar frequencies to image geological formations.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. They require high ambient temperatures to function optimally
2. They have low maintenance needs due to fewer chemical components.
3. They offer long-duration energy discharge suitable for grid stabilization.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. Neutrinos are affected by electromagnetic fields due to their spin.
2. Supernovae emit vast quantities of neutrinos.
3. Detecting neutrinos can help study the Earth’s interior.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. Their coloration is the result of excessive melanin deposition.
2. Golden tigers are classified under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act separately.
3. The golden coat trait is dominant and can pass to offspring even if only one parent carries the gene.
How many of the above are correct?

Statement-I: GPS spoofing poses a growing threat to civilian and military infrastructure.
Statement-II: Spoofers can hijack satellite control systems and change global coordinates.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. Lake Tanganyika, which borders Tanzania, is the world’s largest freshwater lake by surface area.
2. Mount Kilimanjaro is Africa’s highest peak and a dormant volcano.
3. The Serengeti National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its massive wildlife migration.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. Article 341 allows Parliament to make reasonable classification among SCs for reservation.
2. Article 14 prohibits any classification within Scheduled Castes.
3. Article 16(4) enables reservations in public employment based on inadequate representation.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Tiger Variant        Genetic Basis                             Natural Location
A. Golden Tiger   1. Wideband gene mutation   i. Kaziranga National                                                                                               Park
B. White Tiger     2. Mutation in SLC45A2         ii. Originally Rewa, MP
C. Black Tiger      3. Pseudomelanism                 iii. Simlipal Tiger Reserve
How many of the above are correctly matched?

1. Sustainable vocational training for local communities
2. Integration of nature-based solutions for flood prevention
3. Large-scale forest clearance for agribusiness development
4. Environmental awareness programs for women and youth
Select the correct answer:

1. RNA editing uses adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes to make permanent changes to the genome.
2. RNA editing effects are reversible and fade over time.
3. RNA editing carries a higher risk of immune reaction compared to DNA editing.
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

1. Peatlands store less carbon than the world’s forests due to their smaller area.
2. Peatlands play a crucial role in regulating water supplies and purifying water.
3. The waterlogged nature of peatlands makes them unsuitable for preserving archaeological sites.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. Microplastics are used in air-blasting technology for cleaning surfaces.
2. They are completely biodegradable.
3. Synthetic textiles shed microplastic fibers during washing.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. Volcanic eruptions release aerosols that can lead to temporary cooling of the Earth’s atmosphere.
2. Ash and gas from eruptions may contribute to a short-term warming effect in the troposphere.
3. The cooling effect of volcanic aerosols often lasts for decades.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune condition that destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
2. Type 2 Diabetes is more common than Type 1 Diabetes.
3. Both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes can cause long-term complications like neuropathy and retinopathy.
4. Insulin therapy is mandatory for managing Type 2 Diabetes.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Statement-I: Gestational diabetes occurs in pregnant women and usually resolves after childbirth.
Statement-II: Gestational diabetes is caused by insulin resistance due to hormonal changes during pregnancy

Which one of the following is correct in respect of
the above statements?

1. The IMO is a specialized UN agency focused on regulating shipping and preventing marine pollution from ships.
2. India was one of the founding members of the IMO.
3. The IMO creates a regulatory framework for the shipping industry and addresses legal issues such as liability and international maritime traffic facilitation.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. Sea groynes are always built parallel to the shoreline to facilitate sediment accumulation along the coast.
2. The construction of sea groynes can lead to sediment buildup on the updrift side, while potentially causing erosion on the downdrift
side.
3. Sea groynes are primarily constructed to increase the salinity of coastal waters, benefiting marine biodiversity.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. India imports 100% of its REE needs from China.
2. The QUAD countries have no REE collaboration initiatives.
3. The 2023 India-Australia Critical Minerals Partnership includes REEs.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. The Global Tiger Forum is a treaty-based mechanism under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
2. M-STrIPES is a digital system that supports patrolling, GIS mapping, and ecological monitoring in tiger reserves.
3. Project Tiger is legally administered by a statutory body created through amendment of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. The Treaty of Sugauli (1816) marked the beginning of large-scale Gorkha migration into India.
2. All Gorkhas in India are citizens of Nepal under the Treaty of Peace and Friendship (1950).
3. Gorkhas serve in both the Indian Army and state police forces in India.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. It flows directly into the Bay of Bengal.
2. Its origin is traced to the Eastern Himalayas.
3. It is a seasonal river with no perennial flow.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. The First Council compiled the Tripitaka after Buddha’s death.
2. The Fourth Council under Kanishka formalized the split between Theravada and Mahayana.
3. The Second Council at Vaishali introduced the concept of Bodhisattvas.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. The Indian Rhino is listed under Schedule II of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
2. Rhino horn is composed of ivory, similar to elephant tusks.
3. The New Delhi Declaration on Asian Rhinos is a bilateral agreement between India and Nepal.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Statement I: GI registration safeguards cultural identity and indigenous production systems.
Statement II: GI-tagged products can be produced anywhere in India after registration.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above?

1. Nalanda was founded during Ashoka’s reign as the first Buddhist university.
2. Mahayana Buddhism emphasized individual liberation through strict asceticism.
3. Ashoka sent missionaries to Sri Lanka, West Asia, and Southeast Asia.
4. Vajrayana Buddhism integrates Tantric practices with Mahayana philosophy.
Which of the above statements are correct?

1. The TIG was established to lay a roadmap for the development of 6G technology in India.
2. The group includes task forces specifically focused on international standards and funding for R&D.
3. TIG aims primarily at establishing 6G devices and networks for India without prioritizing global collaboration.
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

1. The earth acts as a ground for lightning rods due to its low electric potential.
2. Lightning rods ionize the surrounding air, creating a conductive path for the discharge.
3. Franklin rods and Early Streamer Emission (ESE) rods function on the same principle of attracting lightning strikes.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. The Bharat 6G Alliance is a collaborative effort involving India’s domestic industry, academia, and research institutions.
2. The alliance aims to support the development of 6G technologies and advance India’s 5G ecosystem.
3. The alliance solely focuses on domestic innovation and is not aligned with any global 6G alliances.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. It was launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
2. NAP-AMR focuses on strengthening AMR surveillance and research capacity.
3. It advocates a multisectoral approach, including human and environmental health.
4. The plan mandates the reduction of antibiotic use in livestock farming.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. AMR Surveillance and Research Network (AMRSN) was established to monitor resistance in both human and veterinary sectors.
2. National One Health Mission focuses to combat zoonotic diseases and AMR.
3. National guidelines for infection control and antibiotic use were developed by the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC).
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. Personnel of the armed forces cannot be prosecuted for actions under AFSPA without Union Government approval.
2. The immunity extends to all acts committed by armed forces personnel, whether or not they are related to AFSPA.
3. Judicial review of AFSPA-related actions is prohibited by law.
4. Civilian complaints against actions under AFSPA can only proceed after the Union Government’s sanction.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. Coral reefs are found only in tropical regions due to warm water conditions.
2. Corals can survive long term without zooxanthellae under normal conditions.
3. Coral bleaching occurs when corals expel zooxanthellae due to stress factors like rising temperatures.
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

1. Declining household wealth during a bear market reduces consumer demand.
2. Central banks usually respond by increasing benchmark interest rates
3. Companies may resort to layoffs and hiring freezes.
Which of the above statements are correct?

1. RRBs are governed by the Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976.
2. They are prohibited from engaging in core banking operations like commercial banks.
3. They must comply with priority sector lending norms like other scheduled banks
4. Their area of operation is typically confined to notified districts in a state.
Select the correct answer code:

1. Mirrors reflect sound and are used in acoustic applications.
2. Rear-view mirrors in vehicles use plain glass to avoid image distortion.
3. A virtual image formed by a plane mirror appears to be located behind the mirror.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Contribution                            Area of Impact
A. Sangha institution            1. Social egalitarianism
B. Jataka literature               2. Moral pedagogy & folklore
C. Chaitya-Vihara system    3. Religious and educational architecture
Select the correct answer code:

1. The Chipko movement focused on pollution control in urban areas.
2. Environmentalism links ecological protection with economic justice.
3. Forest Rights Act, 2006 empowers forestdwelling communities to sustainably manage forests.
4. The Bhopal Gas Tragedy played no role in shaping environmental policy in India.
Select the correct answer code:

1. It mandates corporate CSR funds to be routed through a centralized skilling platform.
2. It promotes skilling that is responsive to emerging sectors like robotics and AI.
3. It replaces the Skill India Mission’s umbrella framework for all skilling initiatives.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?