1.0 The Strait of Gibraltar connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.
2.0 It lies between the southern tip of Spain and northern Morocco.
3.0 It plays a key role in connecting the Black Sea with the Mediterranean Sea.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. India accounts for 2% of the global rare disease burden.
2. Thalassemia and Muscular Dystrophy are examples of rare diseases in India.
3. Rare diseases in India are usually detected within two years of birth.
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

Rare Diseases                                        Descriptions

1. Thalassemia                                 a. Genetic disorder affecting oxygen
                                                                transport in the blood
2. Acquired Aplastic Anaemia      b. Condition where the bone marrow                                                              fails to produce blood cells
3. Paediatric Cardiomyopathy      c. Disease affecting0 the muscles of                                                                the heart

1. The CJI can be appointed based on a rotation policy from different regional Supreme Court benches.
2. Merit and integrity are considered alongside seniority in CJI appointments.
3. The CJI is selected by a committee of sitting
Supreme Court judges and then recommended to the President.
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

1. Quartz crystal oscillators are essential components of atomic clocks.
2. Atomic clocks primarily depend on the vibration of caesium atoms for timekeeping.
3. Atomic clocks compare the vibrations of atoms with that of quartz oscillators to maintain precision.
4. Atomic clocks are less accurate than GPS satellites in time measurement.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. The GI tag helps to protect products against unauthorized use by individuals or entities
outside the registered geographic area.
2. GI registration helps promote exports by enhancing the marketability of products linked to their origin.
3. A GI tag can be transferred or assigned to other producers outside the geographical region.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. USSD works only in 4G and 5G networks.
2. USSD does not require an internet connection to function.
3. USSD messages are limited to 182 characters.
4. USSD can be used for various mobile services, including banking and call forwarding.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1.Carbon dioxide emissions from volcanic eruptions are the primary cause of global warming.
2.Volcanic gases such as sulfur dioxide can cause acid rain and atmospheric cooling.
3.Water vapor is the least abundant gas emitted during volcanic eruptions.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1.It is home to important passes such as the Banihal Pass and Pir Panjal Pass.
2.It acts as a climatic barrier, influencing the precipitation pattern in the region.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1.These swaps improve banking system liquidity by injecting or absorbing rupees.
2.They help stabilize the exchange rate by reducing currency volatility.
3.Swap auctions are directly used by the RBI to control inflation.
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

for economic analysis:
1.PMI is a leading indicator, providing early signals about business cycle changes.
2.Central banks use PMI to make monetary policy decisions.
3.PMI is highly correlated with GDP growth and stock market performance.
4.PMI measures inflation trends directly by
analyzing consumer price movements.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. Lokpal consists of a chairperson and a maximum of eight members.
2. At least 50% of the members must be judicial members.
3. The chairperson must be a retired Chief Justice of India.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1.Large-scale volcanic eruptions can lead to a temporary cooling of the Earth’s climate due to sulfur dioxide emissions.
2.Volcanic eruptions contribute to the formation of new landmasses, such as the Hawaiian Islands.
3.Volcanic eruptions have no effect on global ocean circulation.
4.Some volcanic eruptions release gases that contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer.
Which of the above statements are correct?

1. Statutory bail is a right that becomes available to an accused when the police fail to complete their investigation within a specified period.
2. The time limit for statutory bail is uniformly 60 days across all types of cases.
3. Statutory bail is enshrined in the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC).
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

1. The UN was established after World War I, with collective security and peacekeeping as some of its founding principles.
2. The General Assembly is the primary policy making body of the UN, while the UNSC is responsible for peace and security.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. The Supreme Court has the power to invalidate only those laws that are in direct violation of the Fundamental Rights.
2. The Doctrine of Severability allows the unconstitutional parts of a law to be invalidated while preserving the rest.
3. The Doctrine of Eclipse allows a law infringing Fundamental Rights to be suspended until it is brought in line with the Constitution.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. The Dharma Guardian exercise is a joint militarycexercise between the armies of India and Japan.
2. The Malabar exercise, which involves the naviescof India and Japan, also includes other Quadcnations.
3. Veer Guardian is a military exercise conductedcbetween the naval forces of India and Japan.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. Anticipatory bail is granted before the arrest of an accused person.
2. The concept of anticipatory bail is explicitly mentioned in the Indian Constitution.
3. Anticipatory bail can be granted by both Sessions Courts and High Courts.
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

1. Greenland is an autonomous territory under the Kingdom of Denmark but has full control over its foreign affairs and defence policies.
2. The island is strategically located between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, making it crucial for global shipping and military operations.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. It forms naturally in Earth’s polar ice caps due to high compression from overlying ice layers.
2. It has a lower density than liquid water, causing it to float when placed in water.
3. It remains in a stable phase at room temperature if kept in a vacuum-sealed environment.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. It is the only major tributary of the Ganga that flows through the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi.
2. The Tons River, a major tributary of the Yamuna, contributes more water than the Yamuna itself at their confluence.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

1. The Foreigners Act, 1946, empowers the government to regulate the entry, exit, and presence of foreigners in India.
2. The Passport (Entry into India) Act, 1920, defines the conditions under which foreigners can obtain Indian citizenship.
3. The Citizenship Act, 1955, provides for naturalization, registration, and birthright citizenship as modes of acquiring Indian citizenship.
How many of the above statements are incorrect?

1. It promotes the use of drones for precision farming and climate monitoring in saffron fields.
2. The project is integrated with Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) for waterefficient irrigation methods.
3. The initiative mandates the use of genetically engineered saffron bulbs for high productivity.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. India follows an open-border policy with all its neighbouring countries, allowing visa-free entry.
2. India does not allow foreigners to apply for Indian citizenship through naturalization.
3. The Visa-on-Arrival policy is extended to citizens of all SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) countries.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. India follows a formal Refugee Recognition Framework under the UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees).
2. The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), 2019, provides automatic citizenship to all persecuted minorities from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan.
3. Tibetan refugees in India are issued Registration Certificates instead of Indian passports.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. It is an autonomous body under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India.
2. One of its key projects includes the promotion of saffron cultivation in the Northeast, leveraging climate adaptation technology.
3. NECTAR primarily focuses on the renewable energy sector, funding solar and wind energy projects in the Northeast.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. The Model Code of Conduct (MCC) is legally enforceable and violators can be prosecuted under electoral laws.
2. The Supreme Court has mandated that candidates must disclose criminal records before elections.
3. The introduction of Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) was directed by the Supreme Court to increase transparency in Electronic
Voting Machines (EVMs).
4. The Election Commission has the power to
disqualify a candidate if they fail to disclose their
assets and liabilities.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is caused by the inhalation of aerosols containing the virus.
2. The virus is exclusively found in tropical regions, making it a low-risk infection for temperate climates.
3. Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) is another disease caused by Hantavirus, primarily affecting kidney function.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. The CAG audits all transactions from the Consolidated Fund of India, State funds, and government undertakings.
2. The CAG submits audit reports directly to Parliament, bypassing the President and Governors.
3. The CAG has discretionary powers to initiate audits of private companies receiving significant government funds.
4. The CAG acts as an agent of Parliament in ensuring accountability in public financial management.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. Unlike flare-associated CMEs, they have no effect on satellite operations.
2. They are harder to detect in advance, making space weather forecasting more challenging.
3. Their formation mechanism is completely independent of the Sun’s magnetic field.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. Hantavirus can be eradicated using mass vaccination programs similar to polio.
2. The disease is highly contagious and spreads rapidly in human populations.
3. People working in agriculture, construction, and forestry are at higher risk due to rodent exposure.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. Wular Lake was formed as a result of tectonic activity and is one of the largest freshwater lakes in South Asia.
2. The lake is primarily fed by the Jhelum River and also receives glacial meltwater from the Pir Panjal range.
3. The Wular Lake basin is designated as a Ramsar site due to its ecological importance and biodiversity.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. The classification considers both manufacturing and service sectors equally without sectoral distinction.
2. Enterprises must exceed both investment and turnover thresholds to move to a higher category.
3. The classification facilitates ease of doing business and improved credit access for growing enterprises.
4. MSME registration is now linked to PAN and Aadhaar-based digital verification.
Which of the above statements are correct?

1. Form 17C is legally required to be signed by both polling agents and the presiding officer at the close of polling.
2. It contains information about tendered votes and discrepancies in voter turnout.
3. Form 17C is governed by the Representation of the People Act, 1950.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. The authority to recommend anti-dumping duties lies with the Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR).
2. These duties are imposed when imports are priced below the normal value and cause material injury to domestic industry.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Statement-I: The revised MSME classification allows units with higher turnover and investment to continue availing MSME benefits.
Statement-II: This move aims to ensure MSMEs are not prematurely excluded from policy incentives as they scale up.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. Anti-dumping duties are levied by the Ministry of Commerce and enforced by the Ministry of External Affairs.
2. The duty can be levied for a maximum of 5 years but is subject to a sunset review.
3. These duties aim to ensure fair trade rather than protectionism in violation of WTO norms.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. The Constitution of India explicitly provides for secret sittings of both Houses of Parliament.
2. Lok Sabha Rules of Procedure permits secret sittings when recommended by the Leader of the House and approved by the Speaker.
3. The proceedings of secret sittings are published in the official records only if the House resolves to do so.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. The George VI Ice Shelf region is governed under the Antarctic Treaty System.
2. The Antarctic Treaty permits sovereign control and exclusive research zones by signatory countries.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. TB Champions are typically healthcare professionals deployed to deliver door-to-door medication in urban slums.
2. The model focuses on peer-led advocacy by TB survivors to enhance treatment adherence.
3. It has been adopted effectively in Meghalaya, especially in hard-to-reach tribal belts.
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

1. It provides insurance coverage only for standing crops in the field and does not cover pre-sowing or post-harvest losses.
2. It covers localized calamities such as hailstorms, landslides, and inundation.
3. The scheme compensates farmers for mid-season crop losses if the yield is reduced by more than 50% due to adverse climatic conditions.
Which of the above statements are correct?

Technology                              Feature
A. YES-TECH                          1. Online grievance redressal
B. WINDS                                2. GIS-based satellite monitoring
C. Krishi Rakshak Portal      3. AI-based yield estimation
D. BHUVAN                            4. Installation of automatic weather
stations
Select the correct option:

1. APEDA provides financial assistance to exporters under the Agriculture Export Promotion Fund to enhance international competitiveness.
2. APEDA promotes the Geographical Indication (GI) tagging of agricultural products for brand recognition in global markets.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. The scheme offers a mentorship program where selected young authors receive training from renowned writers.
2. It is implemented by Prasar Bharati to promote regional language literature in India.
3. Selected books under the scheme will be translated into multiple Indian languages and promoted internationally.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. Protohistory is the period where people didn’t develop writing but were mentioned in the written records of a contemporary group.
2. Harappans were literate people, and their written materials were completely deciphered by historians.
3. For the Vedic period, there are no written records but have orally transmitted literature.
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

1. Habitat rights are granted under the Forest Rights Act and provide communities with rights over their customary territories, cultural practices, livelihood means and protection of their natural and cultural heritage.
2. They empower Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) communities to access government schemes and initiatives to develop their habitats.
3. In India, more than half of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) have been granted habitat rights.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. It is the science of obtaining information about objects or areas from a distance, typically from aircraft or satellites.
2. It collects data by detecting the reflected energy
from the Earth.
3. Hyperspectral imaging and seismograms are
common applications of remote sensing.
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

1. Promoting enmity between two groups
2. Bribery
3. Undue influence or personation at an election
4. Defamation
How many of the above options is/are correct?

1. Mustard flowers contain both female and male reproductive organs, which makes the plant largely self-pollinating.
2. GM mustard is the first approved GM crop in India, meant for human consumption.
3. Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) is responsible for approving proposals relating to genetically engineered organisms.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. Listeria is a bacteria that can lead to an infection called listeriosis.
2. It is found in soil, vegetation, water and even the faeces of animals and humans.
3. Most people who ingest listeria-infected food will fall sick or develop symptoms immediately.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. Royalties refer to the fees paid to the owner of a product in exchange for the right to use that product.
2. According to the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 (MMDRA), those who obtain leases to conduct mining activities are required to pay royalty to the individual
or corporation who leased the land to them.
3. India’s states do not have the power to tax mining
activities, and collecting “royalties” from mining leaseholders.
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

1. Khanij Bidesh India Ltd is a private joint venture that aims to secure critical minerals globally.
2. Lithium is an alkali metal used in rechargeable batteries and medical devices like pacemakers.
3. Niobium is a silvery metal with a corrosion-resistant oxide layer on its surface.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. if he has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of a foreign State.
2. if he is an undischarged insolvent.
3. if he holds any office of profit under the Government of India.
4. if he is disqualified by the Election Commission of India.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. They are fire-resistant, but prolonged exposure to extreme heat can degrade them.
2. They naturally bind together, eliminating the need for synthetic adhesives.
3. They are completely impermeable to water, making them suitable for underwater structures.
4. Their biodegradability can be controlled using specific post-processing treatments.
Which of the above statements are correct?

1. NCDC plays a major role in funding FPOs (Farmer Producer Organizations) under the Cooperative Development Program.
2. NCDC has been instrumental in promoting digital platforms for cooperatives, enabling online marketing of cooperative products.
3. The Mission Sahakar 2022 aimed to double the cooperative sector’s contribution to India’s GDP.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. The Bill introduces special visa categories for high-skilled workers and foreign investors.
2. It strengthens penalties on carriers (airlines, shipping companies) for transporting unauthorized persons into India.
3. The Bill allows the government to deny visas to individuals based on their country’s diplomatic relations with India.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. Protohistory is the period where people didn’t develop writing but were mentioned in the written records of a contemporary group.
2. Harappans were literate people, and their written materials were completely deciphered by historians.
3. For the Vedic period, there are no written records but have orally transmitted literature.
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

1. Habitat rights are granted under the Forest Rights Act and provide communities with rights over their customary territories, cultural practices, livelihood means and protection of their natural
and cultural heritage.
2. They empower Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) communities to access government schemes and initiatives to develop
their habitats.
3. In India, more than half of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) have been granted habitat rights.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. It is the science of obtaining information about objects or areas from a distance, typically from aircraft or satellites.
2. It collects data by detecting the reflected energy from the Earth.
3. Hyperspectral imaging and seismograms are common applications of remote sensing.
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

1. Promoting enmity between two groups
2. Bribery
3. Undue influence or personation at an election
4. Defamation
How many of the above options is/are correct?

1. Mustard flowers contain both female and male reproductive organs, which makes the plant largely self-pollinating.
2. GM mustard is the first approved GM crop in India, meant for human consumption.
3. Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) is responsible for approving proposals relating to genetically engineered organisms.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. Listeria is a bacteria that can lead to an infection called listeriosis.
2. It is found in soil, vegetation, water and even the faeces of animals and humans.
3. Most people who ingest listeria-infected food will fall sick or develop symptoms immediately.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. Royalties refer to the fees paid to the owner of a product in exchange for the right to use that product.
2. According to the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 (MMDRA), those who obtain leases to conduct
mining activities are required to pay royalty to the individual or corporation who leased the land to them.
3. India’s states do not have the power to tax mining activities, and collect “royalties” from mining leaseholders.
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

1. Khanij Bidesh India Ltd is a private joint venture that aims to secure critical minerals globally.
2. Lithium is an alkali metal used in rechargeable batteries and medical devices like pacemakers.
3. Niobium is a silvery metal with a corrosionresistant oxide layer on its surface
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. if he has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of a foreign State.
2. if he is an undischarged insolvent.
3. if he holds any office of profit under the Government of India.
4. if he is disqualified by the Election Commission of India.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. The princely state of Hyderabad was integrated through a peaceful negotiation without any military operation.
2. Patel personally led the negotiations for Kashmir’s accession to India.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

1. Patel allowed the Nawab of Junagadh to accede to Pakistan as a gesture of diplomatic goodwill.
2. Patel encouraged a public referendum in Junagadh, which resulted in a majority vote for remaining independent.
3. Patel’s approach to Junagadh was purely diplomatic, avoiding any form of force or coercion.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. It is characterised by the expansion of urban centres into nearby rural areas.
2. This process can lead to the development of peri-urban zones that merge urban and rural characteristics.
3. Peripheral urbanisation does not involve any increase in urban infrastructure.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. It primarily refers to population growth within urban areas due to high birth rates.
2. It is often more rapid in cities with high levels of medical and social infrastructure.
3. Natural urbanisation does not include migration or influx from rural areas.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. AMRUT aims to provide basic urban services like water supply, sanitation, and public transport.
2. AMRUT is focused solely on the construction of new cities and townships.
3. AMRUT prioritizes improvements in urban infrastructure to promote sustainability and inclusivity.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. ICMR primarily funds private healthcare companies for medical research.
2. ICMR facilitates the translation of research findings into public health applications.
3. ICMR conducts medical research to address society’s health needs.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1. The 30-by-30 target aims to conserve 30% of the world’s land and marine areas by 2030.
2. The 30-by-30 target is exclusively focused on marine biodiversity conservation.
3. COP-16 emphasized integrating this target into national policies and aligning it with climate change actions.
4. The target is intended to be implemented only in developed countries.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?